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Molniya 8K78
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概览
Molniya 8K78是俄罗斯Strategic Rocket Forces研制的运载火箭(已退役/停用)，属 R-7 系列。全长 43.4 米、直径 3 米、起飞质量 305 吨、近地轨道运力 1.9 吨。1960-10-10 首飞，迄今发射 40 次、成功 20 次，当前连续成功 6 次。
| 状态 | 退役/停用 |
| 制造方 | Strategic Rocket Forces (RVSN RF) |
| 国家 / 地区 | 俄罗斯 |
| 级数 | 4 |
| 全长 | 43 m |
| 直径 | 3 m |
| 起飞质量 | 305 t |
| LEO 运力 | 1,900 kg |
| GTO 运力 | — |
| 起飞推力 | 813 kN |
| 首飞 | 1960-10-10 |
| 发射战绩 | 成功 20 / 共 40 · 连续成功 6 |
同系列火箭型号
按上游火箭家族字段关联，便于比较不同构型。
- Voskhod · 退役/停用 · Voskhod
- Molniya-M 2BL · 退役/停用 · 2BL
- Vostok-K · 退役/停用 · K
- Molniya 8K78M-PVB · 退役/停用 · 8K78M-PVB
英文简介
The Molniya was a modification of the well-known R-7 Semyorka rocket and had four stages. The 8K78 resulted from a crash program by the Korolev Bureau to develop a booster for launching planetary probes. A larger third stage was added along with a fourth stage (Blok L) that was designed to fire in-orbit to send the payload out of LEO. The basic R-7 core was also structurally strengthened and given more powerful engines. A rushed development produced multiple malfunctions of the upper stages, which led to its being replaced by the improved Molniya-M in 1964, but there were enough 8K78s left to continue flying them into 1967.
快速问答
- Molniya 8K78目前是否现役？
- 否，数据库当前标记为退役或停用。
- Molniya 8K78由谁制造？
- 制造方为 Strategic Rocket Forces。
- Molniya 8K78的近地轨道运力是多少？
- 当前收录的 LEO 运力为 1,900 kg。
